Authors James and Lance Morcan make this point in the Introduction of their new release book MYSTERIOUS GREENLAND: Frontier of the Breakaway Civilization – Book 10 in their contentious Underground Knowledge Series.

The full Introduction from Mysterious Greenland follows:

“We are going to do something in Greenland, whether they like it or not, because if we don’t do it, Russia or China will take over Greenland, and we’re not going to have Russia or China as a neighbor.”President Donald J. Trump, White House press conference, January 2026

What’s all the fuss about Greenland? Why has this enigmatic, mostly inhospitable and largely ice-covered Danish outpost been featuring so regularly in world headlines in recent years and why do world leaders seem to lust after it?

We believe this book, which is the latest in a series of books that required exhaustive research, will enlighten you enough to at least make educated guesses as to the aforementioned questions and various other queries you may have regarding this perplexing land in the far north.

Over a decade ago, we first tackled these and other questions when conducting research for one of our earlier non-fiction books – research that touched in part on Greenlandic mysteries and which also led to a novel of ours set on the massive Arctic island that is Greenland.

Those “other questions” relate to what we term “underground knowledge” which we define as being concepts and little-known events usually not reported by Mainstream Media, or if they are they’re severely underreported for various reasons. Reasons that don’t always stack up.

There’s no doubt Greenland, the world’s biggest island and part of the Kingdom of Denmark, has had numerous unusual and unexplained events throughout its colorful history.

So, hopefully, by the end of this book you will agree it makes sense that Mysterious Greenland belongs in this series of ours titled The Underground Knowledge Series.

A frozen afterthought now the focus of desire

The arrival of the 21st Century has seen renewed interest in Greenland with world leaders eyeing it with undisguised greed.

Land previously considered a frozen afterthought on a world map has become a focal point of geopolitical desire.

This book explores the many layers of that desire combined with the enduring fascination over Greenland’s people and the enigmatic events and beliefs that remain such an intriguing part of their history.

Geographically, it is strategically placed, located as it is between North America and Europe, straddling the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Once considered peripheral, it is now front of mind in discussions about international security, global strategy, rare earth minerals and climate change. Or perhaps that should read Climate Change? Forgive us, we digress.

President Trump’s renewed interest

Nowhere has the obsession over Greenland been more obvious than in United States President Donald Trump’s renewed interest in the big island. His expressed interest in invading this self-governing territory – since watered down to merely purchasing it – was not without historical precedent: United States Presidents had previously attempted to buy Greenland from Denmark in 1867 and again in 1946.

Trump’s proposal, however, brought the issue back into the spotlight big time with the two-term president highlighting Greenland’s strategic and military importance, and its natural resources.

It came as no surprise that Greenlandic and Danish officials firmly rejected the purchase proposal, reminding Trump and everyone else that Greenland ain’t for sale.

We provide more in depth analysis about Trump’s designs on Greenland in later chapters.

Meanwhile, it shouldn’t be forgotten that American interest in it highlights several key issues. Namely: Greenland is the gateway to the Arctic, which is becoming the focus of extreme geopolitical argy-bargy; its strategic value is recognized by the major powers and its future will require navigation of the ambitions of world leaders; it has increasing influence on international affairs; and it features prominently in conversations spanning climate, global strategy and competition for rare earth minerals and other resources.

Other interested parties

Apart from Trump, quite a few other parties have been focused on the icy kingdom.

As mentioned, in 1867 when US President Andrew Johnson had authorized the purchase of Alaska from the Russians, there was also a strong push to buy Greenland. Obviously, that never came about.

Something else that was never realized were the Nazis’ plans during World War Two to set up military bases throughout Greenland. They did erect several weather stations, but ultimately failed to establish military bases for reasons that remain unknown.

Shortly after World War Two, in 1949, America’s Central Intelligence Agency, or CIA, declassified a map of Greenland which outlined strategic locations that included the all-important site where Thule Air Base would eventually be built. This map was confirmation of long-term CIA plans and operations in Greenland that were previously unknown to the public.

These seemingly extensive activities possibly related to the Office of Strategic Services, or OSS, which was America’s first centralized intelligence and unconventional warfare agency and forerunner to the CIA. Either that or they related to the onset of the long-lasting Cold War – that postwar, ideological rivalry between the Soviet Union and the West.

Today, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, also uses Greenland as a science hub partly for climate research as well as testing space equipment in a place they claim simulates other planets.

Meanwhile Lockheed Martin Corporation, the American defense and aerospace manufacturer, also carries out research and defense projects in Greenland. For example, they are involved in radar coverage with America’s Pituffik Space Base (formerly Thule Air Base).

Freedom under American elites

Certain billionaires aligned with President Trump at the time of publication of this book – including Silicon Valley investors Peter Thiel and Marc Andreesen – have floated the idea of a utopian, futuristic “Freedom City” in Greenland.

On April 11, 2025, Reuters ran an article about this headed “Greenland ‘Freedom City’? Rich donors push Trump for a tech hub up north.”

“As the Trump administration intensifies,” the article states, “efforts to acquire Greenland from Denmark – or take it by force – some Silicon Valley tech investors are promoting the frozen island as a site for a so-called freedom city, a libertarian utopia with minimal corporate regulation, three people familiar with the matter told Reuters.”

The Reuters article continues: “The freedom-city movement reflects a fascination with settling new American frontiers, rooted in nostalgia for the nation’s 1800s western expansion. Expanding to Greenland ‘can be the dawn of a new Manifest Destiny,’ said tech investor Shervin Pishevar, referring to the 19th-century philosophy that America was an exceptional nation with a God-given mission to conquer territory.”

We break down this planned Arctic Freedom Zone in Chapter 10 to analyze what this all really means for Greenland and what these technocrats are looking to achieve.

A history shaped by location and ambition

Greenland’s 57,000 people are primarily Inuit with a smaller Danish minority. At one with the land and sea, they are products of the Arctic environment which undoubtedly accounts for the resilience and adaptability they are known for.

Incidentally, the population figure of 57,000 quoted above is no typo. That equates to only one person every 15 square miles based on Greenland’s estimated size of 836,330 square miles, which is roughly three times the size of Texas and similar in size to Mexico or Saudi Arabia.

These comparisons provide an insight into how big and how sparsely populated this Danish outpost is.

While the Danish and English languages play important roles in administration and international communication, the Greenlandic language Kalaallisut remains a cornerstone of Greenlanders’ identity.

The indigenous Inuit have inhabited the country over thousands of years, surviving in one of the harshest climates on Earth. Their traditional hunting practices have been refined over millennia. These coexist in harmony with modern healthcare, education, and digital connectivity primarily introduced by the Danes.

Greenland’s history has been poetically described as a tapestry woven from indigenous resilience, colonial influence, and global strategic maneuvering.

Scandinavian Vikings from Iceland arrived sometime between 982 to 986AD, depending on which historian you listen to or which Icelandic saga you read. Also referred to as Norse settlers, they were led by one Erik the Red and they established two farming colonies in southern Greenland referred to as the Grænlendingar.

The Norse disappeared in the 15th Century for reasons not entirely understood but possibly prompted by the arrival of Thule Inuit, the ancestors of modern Inuit.

Originating from Alaska around 1000 CE, the Thule Inuit migrated eastward across Canada, replacing the earlier Dorset culture. Specialized maritime hunters, they used dog sleds, skin boats, and whaling technology.

Denmark enters the picture

In the 18th century, Denmark added Greenland to its colonial empire, asserting total control over it. Despite that, Greenland remained isolated for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries with limited contact with the outside world.

All that changed with the outbreak of World War Two.

When Germany invaded Denmark in 1940, the United States effectively occupied Greenland, building airfields, military installations, weather stations and other facilities in recognition of the country’s strategic importance.

Denmark regained control of Greenland after the war, but the United States presence remained.

The 1951 defense agreement between the United States and Denmark formalized American access to Greenlandic territory, especially the Thule Air Base – since renamed the Pituffik Space Base.

That agreement would shape the rest of Greenland’s 20th Century history, influencing its economy, politics, and relationship with both the United States and Denmark.

Greenland has certainly asserted its autonomy in the 21st Century, no doubt enjoying the proverbial spotlight resulting from global warming and the melting Arctic ice, the worldwide demand for strategic landmass and associated resources, including the discovery of rare earth minerals.

Partnerships with the United States, China and other countries have been explored with financial gain and prosperity in mind, all the while negotiating the complexities of international politics not to mention environmental factors like land and animal welfare.

Governance through early 2000s

Although part of the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland enjoys extensive self-rule.  Home rule was introduced in 1979 and self-government in 2009, and since then Greenland has made steady gains, expanding its autonomy, natural resources, domestic policies and its internal affairs.

All the while Denmark has retained overall authority over Greenland’s finances, defense and foreign policy. It’s a delicate balance in status with Greenland hovering somewhere between being fully independent and remaining a mere colony or adjunct to Denmark.

Greenland’s isolation and geography effectively shape its governance with settlements scattered along the coast and a landmass largely covered by an ice sheet, which scientists advise is two miles thick in places.

Most of those same settlements have limited roads and are accessible primarily by air or sea, and in some cases only accessible by air or sea. Consequently, its citizens have a strong sense of communal responsibility and naturally gravitate toward local governance. After all, how much could someone sitting in an office or parliamentary building in Denmark’s capital city Copenhagen actually know about the challenges Inuit residences face in isolated communities?

Obviously, navigating the outside interest of global powers and surviving in the Arctic environment raises constant challenges, complicating decision-making and political cohesion as well as expansion of industry and economic diversification – not to mention survival.

Climatic uniqueness

Straddling the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, and jammed between North America and Europe, Greenland’s climate is dominated by ice, snow, and extreme seasonal variations. In this, the world’s biggest island, summers are short and filled with endless daylight while winters are dark and seemingly never-ending; and the ice sheet, which covers around four fifths of the country, sets it apart environmentally and geopolitically.

As climate change accelerates, Greenland’s ice is melting at unprecedented rates. At least that’s the official spin on the big melt.

We would suggest that Greenland’s ice is melting faster than ever in recorded history or faster than ever in living memory perhaps, but that’s a whole other discussion or scientific debate we will save for a future book. Regardless, the undeniably changing environment has profound side-effects.

As the ice melts and glaciers retreat, new Arctic shipping routes are opening, offering quicker and smoother global trade pathways and providing access to once inaccessible mineral resources; and the island’s coastline is expanding, offering new opportunities.

And this “great ice melt” leading to new shipping routes opening is likely a reason for some of the renewed interest in the big island. 

Strategic uniqueness

It is no exaggeration to say Greenland is a linchpin in the security of the Arctic region.

Its location gives inhabitants a huge advantage in monitoring North Atlantic shipping routes and polar airspace.

The United States recognized this during the Cold War, establishing the Thule Air Base in the early 1950s. It became a key component of early-warning radar systems designed to detect Soviet missile launches, and today, the (renamed) Pituffik Space Base serves the Americans as an indispensable facility for missile defense, space surveillance, and Arctic operations generally.

In this era of increasing competition between world powers, other nations are eyeing Greenland, too, meaning its strategic value has only increased.

China, which has openly declared itself as a “near-Arctic state” is investing heavily in polar research and infrastructure while Russia is ever-expanding its military presence in the region.

At the same time, Canada and European nations are recalibrating their Arctic strategies along with the United States.

All the aforementioned nations are very aware that Greenland’s location makes it a critical base for Arctic shipping routes, military logistics, missile defense systems, and space surveillance as well as climate research.

Located as it is at the crossroads of future trade routes as the ice continues to melt, Greenland offers whoever has control of the island the opportunity to assert their authority over those routes. Such control could reshape global commerce. Add to that unsurpassed access to Greenland’s rare earth minerals and the Arctic’s significant untapped oil and gas reserves.

All these advantages combine to make the island’s medium and long-term potential powerful motivators for interested parties globally.

The United States is keenly motivated to control Greenland as the island remains key to its maintaining a strategic foothold in the Arctic; for Europe the region represents a frontier of joint security and environmental stewardship; for China it is part of a broader strategy to expand globally and to secure resources; and for Russia it represents a region where other nations’ Arctic positioning must be countered.

Subterranean treasures of global interest

Beneath Greenland’s ice, earth and water lie vast deposits of “rare earths”, or rare earth elements and, unsurprisingly, these natural resources are attracting huge interest globally. They include materials essential for the likes of electric vehicles, wind turbines, smartphones, and advanced military technologies. Materials that are considered strategically indispensable as the world transitions to high-tech manufacturing and renewable energy.

In addition to rare earths, Greenland has major quantities of gold, platinum, uranium, zinc, lead, and iron ore as well as freshwater resources and offshore oil and natural gas reserves.

As global interest in these reserves increases, locally – within Greenland and Denmark to a degree – concern is mounting over the big island’s financial independence and environmental protection as well as the obvious risks of foreign influence and, more especially, interference.

Greenlandic Underground Knowledge

Beyond the known and reported subjects mentioned so far, our opinion after years of research is that one cannot truly grasp the factors behind the immense global interest in Greenland without also factoring in “underground knowledge” – both proven, albeit often underreported facts, along with more speculative theories.

For this reason, we cover in parts of this book many little known topics that are sometimes theories but other times “conspiracy facts” – that is events or projects that were previously mere conjecture before eventually being declassified as factual years or even decades later.

Topics in this category include various Greenlandic mysteries such as declassified or otherwise proven projects like Operation Blue Jay, Thulegate, The Thule Society, Project Iceworm and Camp Century as well as more conspiratorial ones. The latter include possible alien artifacts found on the ice, disappearing Inuit hunters and vanishing settlements, the Ancient Civilization Hypothesis as well as various other unsolved mysteries.

You will also learn about the concept of The Breakaway Civilization and how the global elites may very well be viewing Greenland as the perfect almost virginal land in which to launch a separate civilization – separate to the rest of humanity.

Journey through Greenland’s layers of ice

As you turn the pages of this book, you will journey through the many dimensions of Greenland’s allure; you will explore its history, its resources, its strategic significance, and the myths that surround it; you see why world leaders ranging from Superpower politicians to rising global actors all view Greenland not as a frozen wasteland but as a prize worth pursuing.

You may already sense why Greenland is more than an island. It is a symbol – a canvas upon which nations project their ambitions, fears, and fantasies; its people live at the intersection of tradition and modernity, autonomy and influence, isolation and global attention; its geography shapes global climate patterns; its minerals power modern technology; its strategic location influences military planning and international diplomacy; its mysteries inspire both scientific inquiry and imaginative speculation.

Greenland’s story is still unfolding. Its ice is melting, its autonomy is growing, its secrets of the past are being uncovered, and its global importance is increasing. The world’s eyes are upon it – and the reasons why are as complex as the island itself.

https://www.amazon.com/MYSTERIOUS-GREENLAND-Breakaway-Civilization-Underground-ebook/dp/B0H8KTRBNF

Spanning five centuries, New Zealand: A Novel is a sweeping tale of discovery, destiny, and forbidden love in which the old and new worlds collide. While this novel may not always convey exactly what happened during the discovery and settlement of New Zealand, first by Pacific Islanders and later by Europeans, I believe it captures the spirit of those sometimes romantic, always fascinating and often bloody times. Lance Morcan (Author)

The morning after the big feast in Hotu’s village, Ronui led Tautira toward the narrow gap in the reef that separated them from the open sea. Around eighty people – passengers and crew – occupied almost every bit of available space on the decks of each canoe.

First places aboard the craft had been allocated to the rangatiras and their extended families. These included Hotu’s wives and their young children aboard Ronui, and Ra’s wives and even younger children aboard Tautira. Some of the children were only babies.

The rangatiras’ extended families accounted for about twenty people on each vessel. Other places had gone to a cross-section of villagers with special skills. High on the list were navigators, sailors, fishermen and boat-builders. Most were fighting men as well. Last but not least were their womenfolk. In some cases children had had to stay behind. They’d be looked after by grandparents and other close relatives.

Hotu hadn’t even considered taking his own ageing parents, so frail were they. Besides, they considered themselves too much a permanent part of Hawaiki to consider leaving. Saying goodbye to them proved an unbearable sadness for the rangatira.

Many of those departing wailed mournfully as they sailed away from their beautiful island. Men chanted to their island gods while their wahines cried out despairingly. Oblivious to their sadness, naked children scampered over the decks. Behind them, Hawaiki’s palm trees swayed in the balmy breeze and the jungle-covered peaks were framed by a tropical blue sky.

On the black sand beach, villagers looked on forlornly as their loved-ones sailed away even though many of them were hoping to depart soon aboard the other seven canoes. Those vessels were now within ten days of completion.

Crewmembers aboard the departing craft were too busy to look back. They worked frantically adjusting the triangular sails in readiness for the open sea beyond the reef. The cries of those ashore faded amidst the constant boom of waves crashing on the reef. Ronui led Tautira through the small gap. In the space of a few heartbeats they were into the open sea.

Aboard Ronui, a thousand different emotions racked Hotu as he eyed the southern horizon. Lost in thought, he rubbed the stub of the extra finger on his right hand. Alongside him, Kafoa emulated his father, rubbing the stub of the extra finger on his left hand, a habit the boy had acquired without even realising it. Behind them, Ra followed aboard Tautira, never more than a stone’s throw astern.

In the weeks ahead, the crews of the two craft would strive to maintain this formation through torrential rain and high winds and every other challenge the sea could throw at them.

#

Spring gave way to summer and the voyagers found themselves at the point of no return – the point reached in every ocean voyage where to continue and not find land meant certain death. Hotu and Ra instinctively knew they had reached that point.

It had been four weeks since they’d set sail for Kupe’s land aboard Ronui and Tautira. In that time, the giant craft had been battered by almost everything except a tidal wave or full-blown cyclone. Still they’d never been more than fifty yards apart, secured to each other by a length of platted twine fashioned from strong jungle vines. Without it they would have been separated very early on in the voyage.

The canoes were barely recognisable as the proud craft they’d once been, such was the terrible hammering they’d received from the elements. Their crews and passengers looked even more pathetic. They were in the early stages of starvation; the signs of malnutrition could already be seen in the children. All on board were cold, wet and tired, and many had developed hacking coughs. The coughing sickness they called it.

The first storm had struck only a week into the voyage, and in that early test of the travellers’ fortitude, two of Tautira’s passengers had been lost, swept overboard. Successive storms claimed another two lives – one from each canoe – and the loss of vital provisions as well. Those provisions included all the pigs and half the dogs. To make matters worse, both craft had been dismasted and the replacement makeshift masts were precariously insecure.

The previous day they had been hit by the tail-end of a cyclone. Fortunately, they missed the worst of it. No Polynesian craft had ever survived the full might of a cyclone at sea. As it was, those aboard Ronui and Tautira barely escaped with their lives. Only quick-thinking by the canoe captains prevented total disaster. As soon as the winds hit, the crews collapsed the masts and semi-collapsed the canoes themselves – a desperate manoeuvre but a life-saving one in those conditions. In their semi-submerged state, the craft became almost impossible to capsize and therefore less likely to sink. When the storm passed they were reassembled so they could once more function as canoes, no mean feat given the task had to be entirely carried out at sea.

This latest catastrophe had seen much of the remaining food being lost overboard, but at least no more lives had been lost. Most of the rats on board appeared to have survived, too. These previously unwelcome stowaways were already being used to supplement the meagre rations.

Still the Hawaikans sailed on – ever southward.

The challenges of recent weeks had not been totally unexpected. Hotu knew, like Kupe before him, they were going against Polynesian seafaring tradition by sailing south. To find Kupe’s land meant sailing across the wind, and, worse, downwind. Thousands of years of Pacific exploration had involved sailing upwind, against the prevailing easterly tradewinds. While sailing upwind was slower, the return journey was always faster. This was a critical factor if sailors were out of food and at the limit of their endurance. Downwind voyages were far more dangerous. Sailors had to be able to judge when to turn back before it was too late.

Hotu realised they may have made a serious error of judgement regarding the weather. Although they’d avoided the worst of the cyclone season, they had not anticipated the cold temperatures they were now experiencing. As they continued south, each day seemed cooler than the last. Their bark cloth breechclouts, mat lava-lavas and ponchos of overlapping ti leaves were not warm enough. Even the dog-skin or feathered cloaks worn by the rangatiras and navigators failed to keep the cold at bay. No-one was to blame for this oversight for this was the first time any Polynesian had willingly ventured this far south since Kupe’s day. Any reports from back then had been long forgotten.

At Hotu’s command, the line connecting the two canoes was shortened to around thirty yards. Their survival could well depend on the flimsy vessels staying together.

#

Aboard Ronui, Hotu and Ra sat staring at each other in silence, each weighed down by the gravity of the decision they had to make. They always met at first light each day to discuss their progress. On this occasion, Ra had crossed over to Hotu’s canoe.

More than a week had elapsed since the storm that caused the near capsize of the two vessels. More deaths – four aboard Tautira and three aboard Ronui – had occurred since then, the meagre food supplies had all but been exhausted and the remaining passengers and crew were starving. Worse, the condition of the canoes, which somehow miraculously remained tethered together, was deteriorating by the day. They wouldn’t survive many more storms.

The rangatiras were only thankful their wives and children were still alive. Even so, the uncertainty each man felt was mirrored in the other’s eyes.

It was Ra who spoke first. “I say we turn back.”

Hotu remained silent.

“We have angered the ocean gods,” Ra continued. “They have been voicing their displeasure since the day we left Hawaiki. If they had wanted us to find land, we would have seen the signs by now… Land birds or driftwood… or something.”

Still Hotu didn’t speak. The big rangatira could hear his friend, but he was listening for another voice. Kupe’s voice. Sometimes, when he needed advice, he imagined he could hear his great ancestor’s spirit talking to him. He desperately wanted to receive a message from Kupe’s spirit today. Unfortunately, all he could hear was the wind in the rigging. Always the wind. Disappointed, he turned his attention back to Ra, resigned to receiving no help from the spirit world. “We must continue to Kupe’s land,” he said at length.

Ra was about to remonstrate, but restrained himself when he saw the determination in his opposite’s eyes.

Hotu continued, “If we had sufficient food and provisions, and if our craft were still seaworthy, I would consider turning back. Look at the state of your canoe,” he said, pointing at Tautira, which trailed close behind Ronui’s stern like a permanent shadow.

Ra looked back at the other vessel. It bobbed along in the moderate seas, perilously low in the water, its foremast barely holding together since the last repair job, and its occupants lolling about listlessly on deck, cold and hungry, clinging to life in the hope they would reach their elusive destination. To supplement their food rations they caught what fish they could, but the quantities were never enough to satisfy their hunger.

“You are right,” Ra said resignedly. “We would not survive the return journey.”

Hotu nodded gravely. “It would take six weeks or more, sailing into the wind, to reach Hawaiki. Our remaining food rations will last a few days at most…”

There was no need to speak further. Both men knew what had to be done. Kupe’s land was still somewhere ahead of them. They had to find it quickly before it was too late.

A feeling of calm descended on Hotu. He felt the pull of the southern land stronger than ever. The feeling gave him renewed confidence. Maybe Kupe’s spirit had communicated with him after all.

#

Ronui and Tautira maintained steady progress as the prevailing winds carried them ever southward. Several days had elapsed since Hotu and Ra made the sobering decision to continue their journey to what could well be the end of the world. In that time temperatures had further dropped, adding to the challenges the surviving voyagers faced – starvation not the least of them. Everyone on board prayed they’d find Kupe’s land before they died of hunger or drowned, or before they reached Earth’s edge.

Storms continued to batter the two canoes every two or three days. Still the craft shadowed each other, never more than thirty yards apart thanks to the makeshift lifeline that had somehow held fast.

At the stern of Ronui, Kafoa sat alongside Hotu who was steering the canoe in order to give the craft’s navigator Rangi some well-deserved sleep. The boy was never far from his father’s side. Despite the risks and hardships facing them all, Kafoa remained in his element, happy to be following in the wake of his great ancestor Kupe. Even in the face of disaster, he could not contain his excitement.

Hotu observed his son with pride as he adjusted the tiller to compensate for a big ocean swell. The rangatira had seen the boy grow in courage and maturity in recent weeks. It saddened him to think he would perish, along with everyone else, if they didn’t find land soon. Apart from half a dozen scrawny dogs and the last of an uninvited colony of rats, the food reserves were almost gone. Survival could now be measured in days.

“Papa,” Kafoa said, interrupting Hotu’s thoughts, “where did our people come from?”

Hotu smiled to himself. His son’s thirst for knowledge constantly amazed him. “Our distant ancestors ventured out of vast lands to the west and –” 

“What were these lands called?”

Hotu shrugged. His people had long forgotten their Asian roots.

“Well, what did the people look like?”

“Some say they had yellow skin and slit eyes.”

 Kafoa looked incredulous. “Truly, papa?”

Hotu nodded. “Some say it was because they angered the gods who punished them by changing their appearance. As our ancestors travelled eastwards, from island nation to island nation, they pleased the gods who then changed them back to how they used to look.”

“Like we look today?”

Hotu nodded.

“Ah.” Now Kafoa understood.

Hotu explained how their ancestors had become great seafarers, first sailing as far as Samoa and later Hawaiki and then on to Tahiti. “They followed the signs to find new lands.” He looked keenly at his son. “Now it is your turn… Tell me about the signs our great Hawaikan navigators follow at sea.”

Eager to reveal all that he’d learned, Kafoa said, “The stars guide them by night and the sun by day.”

“What if the day is cloudy and the sun is hidden?”

“The sun and stars are not the only signs. There are many others.”

“Tell me about them.”

Kafoa described other signs like the sighting of land birds, the direction of the wind, waves and currents, and how the equatorial current swept west past most Pacific islands – something early voyagers had used to their advantage.

Hotu struggled to conceal how impressed he was by his son’s knowledge. “You did not mention how ocean swells signal the presence of land.” He spoke so gruffly it almost sounded like a rebuke.

Kafoa frowned. “What do the ocean swells show?”

“Within a day’s sailing from land, the swells die down.”

Kafoa considered this for a moment. The seafaring and navigational skills of his people never ceased to amaze him. He would be even more impressed when he learned about the formation of clouds over high islands and how the opalescent colour of lagoons was reflected in those same clouds, which could be seen from far out at sea; and how bright lights flashed backwards and forwards in deep water, pointing to land – a ghostly phenomenon that could be seen up to a day’s sailing from shore, especially on dark, wet nights. But that would be revealed in another discussion on another day. After a short silence, he asked, “Papa, are we going to find Kupe’s land?”

Hotu hesitated for a moment. “Yes, son,” he said with more confidence than he felt.

The boy looked relieved for he believed his father without question. “When?” he persisted.

“Maybe tomorrow,” a grim-faced Hotu murmured as he scanned the southern horizon. “Maybe the next day.”

Satisfied, Kafoa scampered off toward the bow, leaving his father deep in thought.

Now alone at the tiller, Hotu pondered his son’s last question. He was aware that all he could be certain of was if they did not find land soon, they would die.

#

Every day now the Hawaikan voyagers were burying someone at sea. Usually it was the children who succumbed first. Now, as hunger and cold took their toll, more adults were being condemned to a watery grave as well. Already Ronui’s eighty passengers and crew had been reduced to seventy, and Tautira’s human cargo had fared almost as badly.

In the two days since Hotu explained to his son where Hawaikans originally came from, the weather had worsened. The big storm the rangatira had feared hit soon after nightfall and almost without warning. In barely the blink of an eye, the easterly squall which had dogged the voyagers became a howling gale. Again, the capsizing of the canoes was only avoided through the quick actions of their respective crews who expertly dismantled and semi-submerged their craft. Even so, it had been a close-run thing.

Throughout the night, the frightened voyagers had clung to each other as the storm raged about them. Several were swept into the boiling sea and all but one of those were lost.

It was almost inevitable that Ronui and Tautira became separated. Once, when a brilliant flash of lightning lit up the sky, Hotu thought he saw the other canoe on the horizon, but he later realised he might have imagined it. He and his fellow voyagers aboard Ronui would never see the others again.

Dawn and the storm’s passing occurred simultaneously.

In the early morning light, the only sign that Tautira had ever existed was a length of frayed twine trailing in the water behind Ronui.

Aboard Ronui, only Hotu remained fully alert as yet another day dawned. He sat at the stern, manning the tiller and scanning the horizon in search of land. Kafoa slept fitfully close by, his head resting on his father’s lap. Their fellow voyagers, who now numbered less than sixty, lay sprawled before them, occupying much of the free space on the craft’s deck. Many were near death and…

NEW ZEALAND: A NOVEL continues next week…

Spanning five centuries, New Zealand: A Novel is a sweeping tale of discovery, destiny, and forbidden love in which the old and new worlds collide. While this novel may not always convey exactly what happened during the discovery and settlement of New Zealand, first by Pacific Islanders and later by Europeans, I believe it captures the spirit of those sometimes romantic, always fascinating and often bloody times. Lance Morcan (Author)

Spanning five centuries, New Zealand: A Novel is a sweeping tale of discovery, destiny, and forbidden love in which the old and new worlds collide. While this novel may not always convey exactly what happened during the discovery and settlement of New Zealand, first by Pacific Islanders and later by Europeans, I believe it captures the spirit of those sometimes romantic, always fascinating and often bloody times. Lance Morcan (Author)